Geographical description: San José Villanueva, La Libertad
San José Villanueva is located in the department of La Libertad, in the central portion of the current Salvadoran territory, at a height of 530 meters above sea level, with a territorial extension of 32.52 km2. Approx. To the North it borders Nuevo Cuscatlán, to the east with Huizúcar, to the west with Zaragoza and to the south with freedom. It is divided into 33 hamlets, 3 neighborhoods and 5 cantons, which are: the Matasano, the dispensions, tula, the step and the palomar.
Its geomorphology is irregular due to the volcanic activity of the old Jayaque volcano (with an age of approximately 145 ± 0.02 million years), which corresponds to the quaternary period (2.59 - 0.01 BC), of rugged landscapes that descend 1500 meters above the sea level, extending to the Pacific coast. Its territory is made up of an amplitude of natural resources, forests and water tributaries. This region is characterized by a fruitful plant biodiversity within which cocoa, coffee, beans, corn, balm, cotton, among others. Similarly, the fauna variety composed of birds, fish, mammals such as deer, reptiles, insects, among others.
The climate of the area is characterized by a tropical environment, with a high degree of humidity during the rainy season, the dry season is between November and April, while the rainy goes from May to October. However, its rainfall is circumstantial, due to its proximity to the coastal region and the proliferation of dense vegetation masses, which causes rains of great density. As for its demography, according to the last census held during the year of 2007, a total of: 6,993 women and 6,583 men were estimated, thus having a total of 13,576 inhabitants, taking into account the rural area and the urban area.
The hacienda El Carmen has a diversity of architectural elements that make up its aesthetics and evidence considerable sumptuousness, Such attributes can be evidenced in the prostile and wood moldings that decorate the windows. An element of particular interest is the binding of the house, recognized as "Calcáreos floors", which are formed abroad by a checker -shaped bicromo design (board of chess), while inside for geometric designs, polychromes and fitomorphs (forms associated with plants). Its origin dates back at the time of the Renaissance in 16th -century Europe, popularly recognized as “Banchetto. These floors can be found in a series of buildings of great social and historical prestige of the current Salvadoran territory, corresponding to the Republican era (19th century). However, On its exterior, particularly in the coffee drying court and other architectural sets, the presence of tiles can be evidenced of cooked mud, whose production technique is introduced from the process of conquest and European colonization during the 16th century.
